Evaluative Works Cited: Superior Oblique Palsy
Durnian, J. M., and I. B. Marsh. "Superior Oblique Tuck: Its Success As A Single Muscle Treatment For Selected Cases Of Superior Oblique Palsy." Strabismus (09273972) 19.4 (2011): 133-137. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.
This article, written in Liverpool, UK by an eye specialist at St. Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital is about a 17-year study that looked into the technique of the eye surgery called Superior Oblique Tuck. This surgery allows the surgeon to go underneath the eye and tuck the loose muscle back behind the eye in hopes to strengthen the pull force on the eye. This results in a more level eye that matches the level of the other one. This study concluded that the surgery was substantially effective. It looked at rates of post-op problems, needed 2nd surgeries, and the success of the surgery. 108 patients were originally going to be used for the study, but 33 of these people were removed due to other circumstances. The remaining 75 participants had a mean age of 46.5. By the end, 71% of participants found this surgery useful and successful. 28% of them had to go back and have a follow up surgery done, and only one other person needed 2 extra surgeries.
Thanks to this article, I now know what kind of surgery can be used on Superior Oblique Palsy and why it works. I know the general success rates of this surgery and just how effective it can be. I’m not completely sure what kind of surgery I had, but I’m pretty sure it was this one, which makes sense because my surgery was about 90% successful.
Frajerman, Chelsea, and Nancy Hemphill. "Speakers urge clinicians to screen patients for binocular vision dysfunction." Primary Care Optometry News Aug. 2014: 16. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.
This journal, found on Healio, a news forum for primary optometry care, is about speakers at the 2014 Optometry’s Meeting urging all eye doctors to start screening for binocular vision dysfunction. Debby Feinberg, OD, and Mark S. Rosner, MD, the specialists that were speaking, described the importance of diagnosing these eye problems sooner than later because of problems that arise from the condition. These two doctors claim to have come up with the idea of putting prisms into glasses in order to realign the eyes. This is really cool to hear because as I have mentioned before, I used the prism for a long time before I got surgery. They also developed the Binocular Vision Dysfunction Questionnaire, which is just a lot of questions asking about symptoms and side effects of possible eye problems that are used to help narrow down the diagnosis. There is a version for adults and a version for children. It’s cool to learn about this because I probably was asked to answer the questions on the children’s questionnaire when I was younger.
Healthline Editorial Team. "Superior Oblique." Superior Oblique Function, Anatomy & Diagram. Healthline, July 2014. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.
This website, though it doesn’t give a whole lot of information on Superior Oblique Palsy, does give an excellent visual of the eye and all parts that surround it. It is reliable because it has been approved (as of 07, 2014) by HON (Health on the Net) Foundation, which is a certified, and registered foundation. It tells us how the superior oblique muscle begins near the nose and it controls eye movement. It also explains how the muscle controls stability for the eye. In other words, one of the main points of this muscle is to control the tendency for the eye to rotate too far when the person is looking up or down. This would explain why I see double. The muscle is too loose, so when it is supposed to be supporting my eye’s rotation, it does a poor job and my two eyes go different ways to try and correct each other. This website is very helpful for visual learners because the 3D image clearly identifies many eye parts and muscles and also provides a brief summary for people that don’t know too much about eyes.
Helveston, Eugene M., MD. "Superior Oblique Palsy Workup and Classification." Superior Oblique Palsy Workup and Classification. Project Orbis International Inc., 2000. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.
This website, which was written and edited by many doctors (as you can see at the bottom of the site), gives a lot of information on symptoms and diagnoses of Superior Oblique Palsy. It’s less wordy than a lot of my other sources and gives some illustrations to help people understand. I’m a visual learner so these really helped me. It says that a lot of the time, people have complaints of vertical or torsional diploma (I have vertical), asthenopia (eye strain), head tilts, and facial asymmetry. These are the most common symptoms and though they are not directly dangerous, they can be very annoying and can lead to physical distortion, such as a chronic head tilt or eye misalignment. This website also gives clues as to how to self-diagnose Superior Oblique Palsy. Though it is best to see an eye specialist, there are telltale signs. For instance, if one were to look at an object from straight ahead, a normal person’s eyes would stay focused and level on that object even when they tilt their head from right to left, however, a person with SOP would show misalignment in the eyes and they would appear to be looking at two different things. This is a very helpful source because diagnosis and symptoms are a big part of the disorder.
Toole, Andrew J., OD, PhD, FAAO. "Eye and Vision Care." Ask an Expert: Superior Oblique Palsy. The Ohio State University, 29 Mar. 2011. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.
Although this website has a lot of incorrect grammar and punctuation, I do think that it is a reliable source because it has been approved by the HON Foundation, and the person who responded to the original post has many titles such as OD, PhD, and FAAO. He also claims to be the Clinical Assistant Professor of Optometry for the College of Optometry at The Ohio State University. This is a question forum where anyone can ask a question and a professional will answer it with his or her professional opinion. The question posed was “What happens if you don’t treat superior oblique palsy?” Dr. Toole responded to this question in a couple different answers because it all depends on things like age and health background. He said that if SOP is in a young child and it goes untreated, it could result in having a lazy eye, bad depth perception and/or a head tilt. He then said that if it went untreated in an adult, nothing much more severe would happen, but the symptoms presented would remain unchanged and could progress. Although all of this was said, he did originally state that it all depended on how the SOP came about. If it is congenital, trauma induced, or related to a health defect, then all of these symptoms and diagnoses could potentially be different. This answered a question that I had not been able to find the answer to yet, and I’m glad that I was finally able to figure it out. I wanted to know if something bad would happen if SOP went untreated, and now I know that other than the symptoms I already have, nothing much worse will likely come about.
Durnian, J. M., and I. B. Marsh. "Superior Oblique Tuck: Its Success As A Single Muscle Treatment For Selected Cases Of Superior Oblique Palsy." Strabismus (09273972) 19.4 (2011): 133-137. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.
This article, written in Liverpool, UK by an eye specialist at St. Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital is about a 17-year study that looked into the technique of the eye surgery called Superior Oblique Tuck. This surgery allows the surgeon to go underneath the eye and tuck the loose muscle back behind the eye in hopes to strengthen the pull force on the eye. This results in a more level eye that matches the level of the other one. This study concluded that the surgery was substantially effective. It looked at rates of post-op problems, needed 2nd surgeries, and the success of the surgery. 108 patients were originally going to be used for the study, but 33 of these people were removed due to other circumstances. The remaining 75 participants had a mean age of 46.5. By the end, 71% of participants found this surgery useful and successful. 28% of them had to go back and have a follow up surgery done, and only one other person needed 2 extra surgeries.
Thanks to this article, I now know what kind of surgery can be used on Superior Oblique Palsy and why it works. I know the general success rates of this surgery and just how effective it can be. I’m not completely sure what kind of surgery I had, but I’m pretty sure it was this one, which makes sense because my surgery was about 90% successful.
Frajerman, Chelsea, and Nancy Hemphill. "Speakers urge clinicians to screen patients for binocular vision dysfunction." Primary Care Optometry News Aug. 2014: 16. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.
This journal, found on Healio, a news forum for primary optometry care, is about speakers at the 2014 Optometry’s Meeting urging all eye doctors to start screening for binocular vision dysfunction. Debby Feinberg, OD, and Mark S. Rosner, MD, the specialists that were speaking, described the importance of diagnosing these eye problems sooner than later because of problems that arise from the condition. These two doctors claim to have come up with the idea of putting prisms into glasses in order to realign the eyes. This is really cool to hear because as I have mentioned before, I used the prism for a long time before I got surgery. They also developed the Binocular Vision Dysfunction Questionnaire, which is just a lot of questions asking about symptoms and side effects of possible eye problems that are used to help narrow down the diagnosis. There is a version for adults and a version for children. It’s cool to learn about this because I probably was asked to answer the questions on the children’s questionnaire when I was younger.
Healthline Editorial Team. "Superior Oblique." Superior Oblique Function, Anatomy & Diagram. Healthline, July 2014. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.
This website, though it doesn’t give a whole lot of information on Superior Oblique Palsy, does give an excellent visual of the eye and all parts that surround it. It is reliable because it has been approved (as of 07, 2014) by HON (Health on the Net) Foundation, which is a certified, and registered foundation. It tells us how the superior oblique muscle begins near the nose and it controls eye movement. It also explains how the muscle controls stability for the eye. In other words, one of the main points of this muscle is to control the tendency for the eye to rotate too far when the person is looking up or down. This would explain why I see double. The muscle is too loose, so when it is supposed to be supporting my eye’s rotation, it does a poor job and my two eyes go different ways to try and correct each other. This website is very helpful for visual learners because the 3D image clearly identifies many eye parts and muscles and also provides a brief summary for people that don’t know too much about eyes.
Helveston, Eugene M., MD. "Superior Oblique Palsy Workup and Classification." Superior Oblique Palsy Workup and Classification. Project Orbis International Inc., 2000. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.
This website, which was written and edited by many doctors (as you can see at the bottom of the site), gives a lot of information on symptoms and diagnoses of Superior Oblique Palsy. It’s less wordy than a lot of my other sources and gives some illustrations to help people understand. I’m a visual learner so these really helped me. It says that a lot of the time, people have complaints of vertical or torsional diploma (I have vertical), asthenopia (eye strain), head tilts, and facial asymmetry. These are the most common symptoms and though they are not directly dangerous, they can be very annoying and can lead to physical distortion, such as a chronic head tilt or eye misalignment. This website also gives clues as to how to self-diagnose Superior Oblique Palsy. Though it is best to see an eye specialist, there are telltale signs. For instance, if one were to look at an object from straight ahead, a normal person’s eyes would stay focused and level on that object even when they tilt their head from right to left, however, a person with SOP would show misalignment in the eyes and they would appear to be looking at two different things. This is a very helpful source because diagnosis and symptoms are a big part of the disorder.
Toole, Andrew J., OD, PhD, FAAO. "Eye and Vision Care." Ask an Expert: Superior Oblique Palsy. The Ohio State University, 29 Mar. 2011. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.
Although this website has a lot of incorrect grammar and punctuation, I do think that it is a reliable source because it has been approved by the HON Foundation, and the person who responded to the original post has many titles such as OD, PhD, and FAAO. He also claims to be the Clinical Assistant Professor of Optometry for the College of Optometry at The Ohio State University. This is a question forum where anyone can ask a question and a professional will answer it with his or her professional opinion. The question posed was “What happens if you don’t treat superior oblique palsy?” Dr. Toole responded to this question in a couple different answers because it all depends on things like age and health background. He said that if SOP is in a young child and it goes untreated, it could result in having a lazy eye, bad depth perception and/or a head tilt. He then said that if it went untreated in an adult, nothing much more severe would happen, but the symptoms presented would remain unchanged and could progress. Although all of this was said, he did originally state that it all depended on how the SOP came about. If it is congenital, trauma induced, or related to a health defect, then all of these symptoms and diagnoses could potentially be different. This answered a question that I had not been able to find the answer to yet, and I’m glad that I was finally able to figure it out. I wanted to know if something bad would happen if SOP went untreated, and now I know that other than the symptoms I already have, nothing much worse will likely come about.